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Semigroup Forum
Article . 2000 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Topology of the Semigroup of Singular Endomorphisms

Topology of the semigroup of singular endomorphisms
Authors: Krishnachandran, V. N.; Nambooripad, K. S. S.;

Topology of the Semigroup of Singular Endomorphisms

Abstract

\(\text{End}(V)\) is the semigroup of all endomorphisms of an \(n\)-dimensional vector space \(V\) over either the field \(\mathbb{R}\) of real numbers or the field \(\mathbb{C}\) of complex numbers. The subsemigroup of \(\text{End}(V)\) consisting of all singular endomorphisms is denoted by \({\mathbf S}_n\) and it is well known that \({\mathbf S}_n\) is generated by \({\mathbf E}_n\), its set of idempotents. \(\text{End}(V)\) is identified with \(M_n(\mathbb{K})\), the semigroup of all \(n\times n\) matrices over \(\mathbb{K}\) where either \(\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{C}\) and consequently, \(\text{End}(V)\) can be regarded as a Euclidean topological space. As such, \({\mathbf S}_n\), though not a manifold, is a closed subspace of \(\text{End}(V)\) and is therefore a complete topological semigroup. Since \({\mathbf E}_n\) generates \({\mathbf S}_n\) it is an important subspace and, consequently, receives a good deal of attention. For example, denote by \(E(k)\), \(0\leq k\leq n-1\), the set of idempotents of rank \(k\). It is shown that these sets are precisely the path components of \({\mathbf E}_n\). Furthermore, it is shown that each \(E(k)\) is a \(C^\infty\)-manifold of dimension \(2k(n-k)\). Results are obtained about biorder relations and sandwich sets on \({\mathbf E}_n\), concepts introduced by the second author [in: Structure of regular semigroups I (Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 224) (1979; Zbl 0457.20051)]. The authors conclude by examining \(E(1)\), the space of all nonzero singular idempotent endomorphisms of the two-dimensional real vector space. They note that \(E(1)\) can be embedded in a three-dimensional real vector space and as such is a hyperboloid of one sheet whose principal section is the set of all selfadjoint idempotents in \(E(1)\).

Keywords

Semigroups of transformations, relations, partitions, etc., biorder relations, idempotent endomorphisms, singular endomorphisms, idempotents, complete topological semigroups, semigroups of matrices, sandwich sets

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
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