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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Welding in the Worldarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Welding in the World
Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
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A Mathematical Model To Predict δ- Ferrite Content In Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals

Authors: María Asunción Valiente Bermejo;

A Mathematical Model To Predict δ- Ferrite Content In Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metals

Abstract

This paper presents a mathematical model to forecast the level of residual δ ferrite in terms of FN in austenitic stainless steel welds at cooling rates between 10 °C/s up to 103 °C/s. With this aim, two series of austenitic steel specimens were prepared using an electric arc remelt furnace. Whilst the alloying level was kept constant at [Creq+Nieq] = 30 % and [Creq+Nieq] = 40 %, the Creq/Nieq ratio was gradually increased from 1.22 up to 2.00 in each series. For each alloying level, a highly correlated polynomial function (FN vs. Creq /Nieq ), was found, being Creq and Nieq Hammar and Svensson’s equivalents. These experimental results have led to the importance of [Creq +Nieq] and (Creq /Nieq ) variables in the forecast of the residual ferrite content and a general expression including both variables is proposed. $${\rm \bf FN=54.22-126.26(Cr_{eq}+Ni_{eq})+\lbrack-48.11+37.14(Cr_{eq}+Ni_{eq})\rbrack \Big({Cr_{eq}\over Ni_{eq}}\Big)+\lbrack-0.23+61.95(Cr_{eq}+Ni_{eq})\rbrack \Big({Cr_{eq}\over Ni_{eq}}\Big)^2}$$ The proposed model is able to forecast the level of δ ferrite with a mean error of +1.01 FN within a deviation of +/- 2.12 FN with 95 % probability by just considering the chemical composition of the alloy. This level of error has been proved to be lower than DeLong’s and WRC-1988 diagrams errors. Moreover, the proposed model has also been compared with WRC-1992 diagram and FNN-1999 neural network and it provides a more accurate FN forecast within the range of compositions and cooling rates considered.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
14
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
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