Who controls the curriculum in Australia? The answer is not simple but, I believe, it is fair to suggest that in most, if not all, states curriculum is centrally determined. School based curriculum control is mostly an illusion. Increasing Commonwealth interest in a standardized core curriculum and national indicators of school effectiveness will further militate against school-level curriculum control. As well, responsibility for curriculum development, even within broad curriculum frameworks, without control of curriculum evaluation means little real control. Of course, as discussed earlier in this paper, decentralized control does not, necessarily, mean weak control and in some cases it can mean stronger control. For example, devolving financial control of school curricula to the school level through program budgeting or processes of self management may give the illusion of local control, but it is possible, given today’s computerised data collection capabilities at central level, that central departments may have a clearer picture of overall expenditures and comparative costs of schooling than ever before. Who is in control then?