
doi: 10.1007/bf03167912
The author studies a bifurcation of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits in a k-parameter family of \((m+n)\)-dimensional ODES: \(\dot x=f(x)+g(x,\mu)\), \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}^{m+n}\), \(\mu \in {\mathbb{R}}^ k\) (k\(\geq 2)\), where f and g are smooth and \(g(x,0)=0\). Suppose that the system has three saddle equilibria \(0_ i(\mu)\), \(i=1,2,3\), and the unperturbed system \(\dot x=f(x)\) has a heteroclinic orbit connecting \(0_ 1(0)\) and \(0_ 2(0)\) (i.e. an \((0_ 1,0_ 2)\)-connection) and an \((0_ 2,0_ 3)\)- connection simultaneously. Under some assumptions on the eigenvalues of the linearized equation at equilibrium points and on a non-degeneracy condition for the system the author shows that heteroclinic orbits of new type appear besides the persistent ones of the unperturbed system. A bifurcation diagram is given for such families. Some homoclinic bifurcations are also treated including that one producing a twice- rounding homoclinic orbit. This paper is organized as follows: In {\S} 1, the author gives a precise statement of the problem and the main results. He explains the notion of exponential dichotomy in {\S} 2, and using it, he first studies the persistency condition of heteroclinic orbits in {\S} 3. In {\S} 4 he briefly states a lemma, which gives a property of trajectories near a saddle equilibrium. The main theorems are proved in {\S} 5-6 for the cases of non-critical eigenvalues and of critical eigenvalues. The bifurcation diagrams are treated in {\S} 7 as well as a simple example of a two-dimensional system. {\S} 8 is devoted to a study of the bifurcation of the doubling of a homoclinic orbit. Finally, the author makes some concluding remarks in {\S} 9, especially on several related works.
exponential dichotomy, heteroclinic orbits, homoclinic orbit, homoclinic bifurcations, Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations
exponential dichotomy, heteroclinic orbits, homoclinic orbit, homoclinic bifurcations, Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations
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