Carrot protoplasts have been used successfully in many protoplast fusion studies. These studies have demonstrated 1) whether or not the expression of certain resistances is dominant or recessive, 2) the development of a “universla hybridzer,” 3) the use of chemicals to inactivate one parent, 50 the complementation of albino mutants, 5) interspecific, intergeneric, and interkingdom fusions, and 6) the dominant expression of plant regeneration ability, and 7) the occurrence of somatic segregation in fusion hybrids.