Parenteral nutrition has become an integral part of the support of the neonate who is either unable to receive or tolerate enteral feeding. The nutrient requirements for basal metabolism and growth can be provided by the infusion of a mixture of amino acids, glucose, lipids and other additives. By these means, growth can be promoted in infants who would otherwise be susceptible to problems associated with malnutrition. Careful assessment for the need for parenteral nutrition and monitoring during its administration may reduce the incidence of various complications associated with its use. Requirements of various nutrients, modes of delivery and suggested monitoring schedules are discussed.