1. A study was made of the children coming to the Gandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals during the years 1952, ’53 and ’54. 2. Out of a total of 46,650 patients attending the children’s out-patient department, there were 5 per cent of cases showing vitamin A deficiency in the form of xerosis conjunctiva; 1·5 per cent showing the clinical picture of rickets; 25 per cent with respiratory infections; 40 per cent with diarrhoea and 28·5 per cent with other diseases. 3. Out of a total of 3,239 cases admitted to the children's wards, there were 20 cases (or 0·6 per cent) of rickets and 12 cases (or 0·4 per cent) of scurvy. 4. The hospital figures when compared to the data collected for school children regarding their nutritional state in Uttar Pradesh showed that a large percentage of the child population is suffering from malnutrition and that a relatively small percentage of them develop gross anatomical changes requiring them to come to the hospital for medical advice.