The present study concerns the morphometric characteristics of two hundred permanent teeth from the Neolithic-Bronze Age human remains found in «Galeria del Silex» (Atapuerca Cave, Burgos, Spain). The crown index reveals that all the upper maxillary teeth (except incisors) and the mandibular first incisors, canines and premolars have a vestibulo-lingual diameter greater than the mesio-distal. The dental module and the surface value show that the mandibular teeth (except the molars) are smaller than those of the upper maxillary. These results are very similar to other European populations. Finally, the Silex Gallery sample was compared with five other series of the Iberian Peninsula which have a chronology from the Mesolithic to the Middle Age. The results indicate a general decrease for both diameters (OMD and OVL) throughout time.