Abstract Biomass and net production were measured in a Phyllostachys bambusoides stand in Kyoto Prefecture, central Japan, which had carried out gregarious flowering in 1969 and has been recovering vegetatively. The culm density fluctuated around an average value of 12 040 ha −1 during the research period (1985–91). Annual recruirment and mortality rates of culms were 1340 and 1133 ha −1 , respectively. The mean diameter at breast height increased from 7.28 cm in 1985 to 8.68 cm in 1991, and the biomass of culms increased from 71.3 to 111.6t ha −1 over the same time period. Branch and leaf biomasses were almost constant, 10.0 and 9.4t ha −1 on average, respectively. The leaf area index of the stand was 11.6 ha ha −1 , which is one of the largest values found in Japanese forests. The belowground biomass of 32.6t ha −1 for rhizomes and 14.8t ha −1 for fine roots resulted in the smaller ratio of aboveground parts to the root system (2.38) than those determined for forest stands. The amount of litterfall, excluding culms and large branches, was large (9.13t ha −1 year −1 ), corresponding to those measured in equatorial stands. The aboveground net production was 24.6t ha −1 year −1 , larger than the average value reported for forest stands under similar weather conditions.