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Aequationes Mathematicae
Article . 1973 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Aequationes Mathematicae
Article . 1972 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Types of singularity of components of difference polynomials

Authors: Cohn, Richard M.;

Types of singularity of components of difference polynomials

Abstract

Let S be a set of difference polynomials. The perfect difference ideal {S} [2, p. 76 and p. 82] may properly contain the difference ideal ~/[S]. It follows that in determining the irreducible components of the manifold of S it is not sufficient to consider only factorizations of polynomials of n/IS ] (or, equivalently, of IS]). In particular, let S contain only the algebraically irreducible difference polynomial F, and let M be a singular component [2, p. 161] of the manifold ofF. M will be called strongly singular if it can be found from factorizations in [F], and weakly singular otherwise. This definition will be made precise in Section 1. By analogy, all singular components of a differential polynomial with coefficients in a field of characteristic 0 should be considered strongly singular, since if G is such a polynomial, ~/[G] = {G}. An examination of the previously known examples of singular components of difference polynomials reveals that they are all strongly singular. This is not surprising in itself, since it appears to be difficult to prove that a manifold is a component if it is weakly singular. However, the examples cover three rather large classes of singular components, namely, those described in Theorems I, II, and III of Section 1, as well as one example with markedly different properties [2, p. 332]. It would indicate a most unexpected simplicity in the structure of the perfect ideals generated by algebraically irreducible difference polynomials if the known examples were an indication of the general situation. The principal object of this paper is to remove this possibility by providing an example (Section 2) of a difference polynomial F with the weakly singular component M = {0}. This example is of order 5, and Theorem I shows that it could not be of order less than 3. Whether examples of orders 3 or 4 exist is not known. In Section 3 approximations to solutions in singular components are considered for the case of coefficients and solutions which are complex valued functions on the integers. Using the polynomial Q of the example of Section 2 it is shown that the solution 0 constituting the singular component can be-approximated uniformly by solutions which are nowhere 0. This is quite unexpected. (Compare [3, p. 259].) It is easily seen to be possible only because of two circumstances: 1) {0} is a weakly singular component, 2) the approximating solutions are not regular, that is they do not lie in difference rings which are integral domains. Although no general theorem can be stated at present, this example suggests an important distinction in the behavior of weakly and strongly singular components, The distinction between weak and strong singularity is only one of an infinite sequence of similar distinctions that may be made using, in place of the difference ideal [F] generated by the difference polynomial F, each ideal of the sequence whose union is {F}, as described in [2, Ch. 3, Section 2].

Keywords

510.mathematics, Difference algebra, Article, Polynomials over commutative rings

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
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