Even though cognitive education programs are essential for the treatment of diabetics, long term efficacy often seems to be poor. Problems of coping with illness could be the reason for a lack of transfer of knowledge into daily practice. Small discussion groups with the aim of modifying attitudes towards illness might be a good possibility to face this problem. 54 IDDM, FbA1 10.7±2.3% (median±SD) absolved our 5-day education program for outpatients, in which daily group sessions (90 min), supervised by a group-therapist, were integrated. Follow-up sessions took place after 1, 4 and 8 months. The efficacy was measured by HbA1 and different questionairs on diabetologic knowledge, life satisfaction (FLZ) and complaints (BL). 4 months after the education program HbA1 had decreased to 9.0 (median±SD) and remained stable within small range during the rest of the study-period. Diabetologic knowledge increased from 70% (median±SD) to 87% (median±SD) 1 month after the education and remained stable during the rest of the study-period. Complaints decreased within one month from a level above average somatic illness to the normal level for healthy subjects. However, in regard to their life satisfaction our patients were significantly less satisfied concerning their health, whereas family life and friendship were declared to be more satisfying (after 8 months). We believe that more intensiv communication in the family (encouraged by the group-therapy) and parallel more critical attitudes towards illness lead to this results. As basic elements for long term modification of illness behaviour these emotional aspects seem to be essential.