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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Monatshefte für Math...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Monatshefte für Mathematik
Article . 1994 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
zbMATH Open
Article . 1994
Data sources: zbMATH Open
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Prime ideals and prime radicals in near-rings

Authors: Birkenmeier, G.; Heatherly, H.; Lee, E.;

Prime ideals and prime radicals in near-rings

Abstract

Let \(R\) be a left near-ring. We denote the prime and completely prime radicals of \(R\) by \({\mathbf P}_ 0(R)\) and \({\mathbf P}_ 2(R)\) respectively. In this paper, the concept of a 2-primal ideal of a near- ring is introduced. Let \(N(R)\) denote the set of nilpotent elements of \(R\). An ideal \(I\) of \(R\) is called 2-primal if \({\mathbf P}_ 0 (R/I) = N(R/I)\). \(R\) is 2-primal if the zero ideal is 2-primal. It is shown that if \(I\) is an ideal of \(R\), then \(I\) is a completely semiprime ideal of \(R\) if and only if \(I\) is both semiprime and 2-primal. If \(IR \subseteq I\), then the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(I\) is a completely prime ideal; (ii) \(I\) is a prime and a completely semiprime ideal; (iii) \(I\) is a prime and a 2-primal ideal. If \(R\) is zero-symmetric, the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(R\) is 2-primal; (ii) if \(P\) is a prime ideal of \(R\) and \(A_ 1, \dots ,A_ n\) are nonempty subsets of \(R\) such that \(A_ 1 \dots A_ n = 0\) then \(A_ i \subseteq P\) for some \(i\); (iii) \({\mathbf P}_ 0(R) = {\mathbf P}_ 2(R)\). The paper then considers the radicals \({\mathbf P}_ 0\) and \({\mathbf P}_ 2\), and their relation to 2-primal near-rings. It is shown that if \(S\) is a subnear- ring of a 2-primal near-ring, then \(S\) is 2-primal and \({\mathbf P}_ 0(S) = S \cap {\mathbf P}_ 0(R)\). Moreover \({\mathbf P}_ 2\) is a radical map and \({\mathbf P}_ 2(S) \subseteq S \cap {\mathbf P}_ 2(R)\) for a subring \(S\) of a near-ring \(R\). Equality holds if \(S\) is a direct summand. Denote by \({\mathcal R}^ 2\) (\({\mathcal R}_ 0^ 2\)) the class of (zero-symmetric) near-rings for which every prime ideal is completely prime. Among the results proved here is: If \(R\) is a zero-symmetric near-ring, then \(R \in {\mathcal R}^ 2_ 0\) if and only if every ideal of \(R\) is 2-primal. If \(R \in {\mathcal R}^ 2_ 0\) and \(I\) is an ideal of \(R\) such that every prime ideal of \(I\) is an ideal of \(R\) then \(I \in {\mathcal R}^ 2_ 0\). Certain results are also given for the class of near-rings for which every semiprime ideal is completely semiprime. Various examples are given to illustrate the theory.

Country
Germany
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Keywords

Prime and semiprime associative rings, completely prime radicals, nilpotent elements, Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, associative rings, direct summands, Article, radical maps, Near-rings, completely semiprime ideals, zero-symmetric near-rings, 510.mathematics, 2-primal ideals, completely primal ideals, left near-rings, 2-primal near-rings, Ideals in associative algebras

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
10
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
Green