It is apparent from the large number of topics that are now pursued by observations at X-ray wavelengths that X-ray astronomy ranks with radio and optical astronomy as a discipline that must be applied to a wide range of objects and astrophysical problems. Thus any nation desiring to engage in front rank astronomical research will require access to space facilities with which to conduct X-ray observations. This is clearly recognised in the United States where, following the considerable success that has been achieved with the Einstein Observatory, the Field Committee will recommend the establishment of an Advanced X-ray Astronomy Facility (AXAF) as the top US National priority in astronomy. In Europe, although the EXOSAT mission, which is equipped with two small imaging X-ray telescopes, will be launched in 1982, the future of the subject thereafter is less clear. Long term European planning on the American model would be of great benefit for astronomy but is rendered more difficult by the diversity of national interests and the limited scientific budget of the European Space Agency (ESA). However given the current maturity and central role of X-ray astronomy it is of the utmost importance that appropriate facilities are made available to European astronomers.