
doi: 10.1007/bf01208539
The theory of semi-classical approximation, of differential operators in the last two decades has tackled using heavy geometrical theory. However, a good deal of detailed information has been available classically in low dimensional cases. Here, the authors discuss the semi-classical asymptotics of a differential operator \(H\) associated to the classical Hamiltonian \[ H(p_1, p_2, q_1, q_2)= \sum^2_{k, j= 1} {1\over 2} \omega_{kj}(p_k+ iq_k) (p_j- iq_j)+ \sum^2_{k, j= 1} V_{k, j} |p_k+ iq_k|^2 |p_j- iq_j|^2, \] where \(\omega= (\begin{smallmatrix} 2\\ -1\end{smallmatrix} \begin{smallmatrix} - 1\\ 2\end{smallmatrix})\) and \(V\) is a symmetric, real positive definite matrix, via the correspondence principle \[ (p_k \psi)( x_1, x_2)= - ih {\partial\psi\over \partial x_k} (x_1, x_2),\quad (q_k \psi) (x_1, x_2)= x_k \psi(x_1, x_2). \] Using the contact transformation \(p_k= \sqrt{2I_k}\cos \phi_k\), \(q_k= \sqrt{2I_k} \sin \phi_k\) the Hamiltonian may be rewritten in the form: \[ H(I_1, I_2, \varphi_1, \varphi_2)= \sum^2_{k, j= 1} V_{kj} I_j I_k+ \sum^2_{k, j= 1} \omega_{kj} \sqrt{I_j I_k} \cos(\varphi_k- \varphi_j). \] A trajectory \(\Lambda'(E)\), \(\varphi_1= \varphi_2= \Omega t\), \(I_1= I_{10}\), \(I_2= I_{20}\), satisfies the associated Hamiltonian equations if the relations \[ \Omega I_1= 2I_2- \sqrt{I_1 I_2}+ 2V_{11} I^2_1+ 2V_{12} I_1 I_2,\quad \Omega I_2= 2I_2- \sqrt{I_1 I_2}+ 2V_{21} I_1 I_2+ 2V_{22} I^2_2 \] are satisfied. An explicit calculation involving the first variational equation associated to the Hamiltonian system enables one to calculate a basis of the space of vectors skew-orthogonal to \((\dot I, \dot \varphi)\): \[ \left\{\begin{pmatrix} \delta I\\ \delta\varphi\end{pmatrix},\;\begin{pmatrix} \dot I\\ \dot \varphi\end{pmatrix}\right\}= 0. \] The eigenvalues and eigenvectors then being calculated by well-known formulae of semi-classical approximation theory as \(h\downarrow 0\). At energy \(E\) with \(\Omega\), \(I_1\), \(I_2\) related as above and \(\beta(E)\) given by \[ \beta(E)= \sqrt{ 4\sqrt{I_1(E) I_2(E)} (V_{11}+ V_{22}- 2V12)+{(I_1(E)+I_2(E))^2\over I_1(E) I_2(E)}} \] one has \[ {I_1(E)+ I_2(E)\over h}= l_1+ \left( {\beta(E)\over \Omega(E)}+ 2\right) \left(\nu_1+ {1\over 2}\right),\quad l, v_1= 0, 1,2,\dots\;. \] Specific formulae are given for the asymptotic eigenfunctions near the turning points.
contact transformation, Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs, quantum model, semi-classical approximation, Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory, PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics
contact transformation, Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs, quantum model, semi-classical approximation, Semiclassical techniques, including WKB and Maslov methods applied to problems in quantum theory, PDEs in connection with quantum mechanics
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