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Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations
Article . 1990 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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zbMATH Open
Article . 1990
Data sources: zbMATH Open
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Oscillatory modes in a nonlinear second-order differential equation with delay

Authors: an der Heiden, U.; Longtin, A.; Mackey, M. C.; Milton, J. G.; Scholl, R.;

Oscillatory modes in a nonlinear second-order differential equation with delay

Abstract

The authors investigate the second order delay differential equation \((d^ 2x/dt^ 2)(t)=f(x(t-\tau))-ax(t),\) where f is a decreasing step function with only one step. Normalization reduces the problem to the standard form, \((dx/dt)(t)=y(t)\), \((dy/dt)(t)=f(x(t-\tau))-x(t)\), \(f(\xi)=1/2\) if \(\xi\leq \theta\), \(=-1/2\) if \(\xi >\theta\), with constants \(\tau >0\) and \(\theta\in {\mathbb{R}}\), and with initial values \((x_ 0,y_ 0)\) given by some \(y_ 0\in {\mathbb{R}}\) and a differentiable function \(x_ 0: [-\tau,0]\to {\mathbb{R}}\) satisfying \(x_ 0(t)=\theta\) for at most finitely many \(t\equiv [-\tau,0]\). It is proved that, in principle, the solutions can be constructed geometrically by compass and ruler. (This construction reminds of similar techniques in solving certain two- dimensional linear time-optimal feedback control problems.) In this way, analytical results on existence of periodic orbits and limit cycles are obtained. Moreover, computer simulations for varying parameters \(\tau\) and \(\theta\) reveal a remarkable richness of different types of periodic orbits, and lead to conjectures on their stability and bifurcations.

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Keywords

Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations, limit cycles, second order delay differential equation, existence of periodic orbits, Nonlinear oscillations and coupled oscillators for ordinary differential equations, stability, decreasing step function, Functional-differential equations (including equations with delayed, advanced or state-dependent argument), computer simulations, Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations, bifurcations

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
27
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
bronze
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