Principal component analysis and cluster analysis applied to annual mean temperature records distributed all over the European Mediterranean countries have allowed the identification of climatic regions. The first three components are significant. They were selected by a dominant variance selection rule, called rule N. The first component corresponds to a fairly uniform field, the second marks the influence of continentality and the third the influence of Africa. A cluster analysis based on the major components shows the existence of four climatic regions. A subjective method, using the zero-line characterizing the significant components, shows similar results.