A reliable and labor-free method of evaluating treatment factors on the properties of carburized steels was developed. The effects of the following parameters are presented along with treatment factors for steel 18Kh2N4MA and 20Kh2N4A: austenite grain size, hydrogen absorption during heating for quenching, cooling rate, quenching methods, and low tempering. Results of the comparative static bend tests made it possible to recommend the new steels 07Kh3GNM and 20Kh3MVFA in lieu of chromium-nickel steels because of their improved machinability, weldability, and reduced deformation. Steel 20Kh2N4A was subjected to a new carburizing process consisting of ion and vacuum carburizing which was found to increase strength and optimize carbon content.