Optical properties of small particles of olivine (less than 0.1 μ) have been studied in the ultraviolet as an example of an insulating solid. Very little structure survives in the ultraviolet extinction curves for such small particles. By contrast ‘surface modes’, observed for graphite small particles in the ultraviolet and for olivine particles in the infrared, produce dominant and persistent structure in extinction. The general trend of optical properties of graphite is surprisingly similar to the behavior required to explain all features of the interstellar extinction and albedo curves from near visible to 1000 A. Measured extinction of small olivine particles in the infrared agrees with calculations based on newly measured optical constants, but dominant sharp structure in the 10μ region still presents a bit of a problem in explaining ‘silicate’ features in astronomical data.