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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
International Review of Education
Article . 1976 . Peer-reviewed
License: Springer TDM
Data sources: Crossref
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Educational administration and supervision in Brazil

Authors: James A. Livingston;

Educational administration and supervision in Brazil

Abstract

The Brazilian formal educational system operates at federal, state and county levels. The federal Ministry of Education and Culture provides financial and technical assistance to the states, which have primary responsibility for administering the schools with the exception of federal and private institutions. Of particular interest are thesupletivo schools designed to provide for those who have dropped out of school. The State Secretariats are in various stages of decentralizing their administrative structures and are passing responsibilities down to the county level where possible. Brazil possesses an extensive system of informal education. A number of organizations e.g. SENAC and SENAI, supported by private rather than government funds, are actively providing educational opportunities for adults. In addition, specialized private schools have been established in metropolitan areas. While many opportunities for attaining an education exist at private specialized schools and privatesupletivo schools, the expense of the programs is carried by the students, not by the government. Major problems faced by Brazilian administrators include poorly qualified teachers, inadequate physical facilities and a high student dropout rate. There is a need for a clear statement of national goals in education.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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