The case of a patient suffering from liver schistosomiasis diagnosed by liver biopsies is presented. There were also lesions in the liver suggestive of non-suppurative destructive cholangitis and the serum-immunological studies strengthened the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. The eo-existence of these two affections and their possible interrelationship are discussed. The authors further discussed some clinical, biochemical, immunological and pathological aspects of these two conditions and evoked the eventuality of an auto-immune type of hepatic affection triggered by the presence of the schistosome eggs.