The effects of waterlogging and submergence on the growth, survival and mineral nutrition of four pioneer plants from wet dune slacks are compared. The results reveal a correlation between growth and nutrient acquisition under waterlogged conditions, survival under submerged conditions and 'root porosity'. Growth reduction due to waterlogging may be effected by a reduction in uptake and transport of major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Harmful effects of submergence in more or less flooding-sensitive species can be alleviated to some extent by growing them in mixed culture with Juncus maritimus Lamk.