This study presents the key competency index for Korean youth, which falls into the two broad categories of key competencies under the DeSeCo Project in the OECD: using tools interactively and interacting in heterogeneous groups. The method suggested by Bonnet et al. (Int Labour Rev 142(2), 213–238, 2003) is utilized here for the compilation of these indices based upon the results of PISA and ICCS 2009. The results indicate that Korean youth retain a much higher position in using tools interactively, but a much lower position in interacting in heterogeneous groups. These findings suggest that Korea’s youth and education polices are mainly centered on the development of the intellectual capability of youth. Specific challenges and directions are highlighted with regard to the future development of key competencies in Korea.