South Asian countries are endowed with rich traditional knowledge, indigenous knowledge and traditional cultural expressions. Such knowledge has played a key role in development of traditional livelihoods, e.g. craft making as well as time-tested practices in agriculture, health care and sustainable use of environment. However, as most of this knowledge is held by local and tribal communities without systematic documentation, it is amenable to loss over generations and also misappropriation. We take a look in this chapter traditional knowledge protection frameworks and regulations in identified countries of South Asia along with challenges in its conservation.