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Clusters of galaxies contain large amounts of hot, diffuse x—ray emitting gas. Observations of this gas can be used to measure the gas mass, the cluster virial mass, and the cluster morphology. From these measurements. a lower limit to the baryonic mass in clusters, the formation efficiency of galaxies in different environments, and the presence and scale of cluster substructure can be determined.
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 54 | |
popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% | |
influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Top 10% | |
impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |