Botanists and zoologists both in China and foreign countries have been interested in biota of the Tibetan Plateau very much. Since the 1950s, a large number of plant and animal specimens as well as scientific materials concerning flora and fauna of the plateau have been collected and investigated. A lot of relevant monographs, books and papers, which laid a solid foundation for analyzing the biota of the plateau, have been published (WU Zhengyi et al., 1983–1987; WANG Wencai et al., 1993; ZHENG Zuoxin et al., 1983; FENG Zuojian et al., 1986; NI Zhicheng et al., 1992). This charpter was written based on these documents.