Within this chapter the contemporary theoretical and concrete contexts of academic critical pedagogy (defined in Chapter 5) are explored. While there are many obvious overlaps between revolutionary and academic critical pedagogy, especially since they are part of the same historically developing process, we specifically focus on the era beginning around the turn of the last century and the two world wars. That is, because contemporary critical pedagogues tend to locate the theoretical foundations of their tradition within the critical theory developed around this time, we too will begin our discussion of academic critical pedagogy within this modern era.