
The layered communication reference model introduced by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model, serves as basis for almost every communication system. It consist of seven layers, dividing the communication task into separate units. Each layer depends on the services of the layer below in order to provide its own services to the upper layer. Corresponding layers on every connection endpoint are linked by a logical connection, called protocol.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
