
The final bifurcation of codimension 2 is characterized by the intersection of 2 curves of Poincare-Andronov-Hopf points on a two-dimensional surface of equilibria. As we shall see, the drift direction at the Hopf lines play an important role. In the case of a parameter-dependent fixed line of equilibria, drifts at both Hopf-lines can be opposite and spiraling orbits appear, see Sect. 12.1. In the generic case with a plane of equilibria without parameters, both drifts are transverse and generate a Lyapunov function. Only heteroclinic orbits arise. See Sect. 12.2.
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