Obesity is considered one of the leading health issues and is becoming a global epidemic that is rising worldwide. Obesity depends on the unbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Many different regions of the brain have been shown to be involved in the control of daily intake, and classically these regions have been identified as the “feeding centre” and the “satiety centre”. The expansion of our knowledge of specific neuronal networks involved in energy homeostasis has replaced the notion of specific “centres” controlling energy balance with that of discrete neuronal pathways fully integrated in a more complex neuroendocrine network integrating signals from all tissues involved in energy homeostasis.