AbstractThis chapter explores the future trends in the battery market and analyzes the mutual interdependence of market demands and technological advances. First, most recent market volume projections are summarized, and the related uncertainties are described. Next, the interaction of foreseeable developments in battery technologies and demand scenarios is discussed along most relevant battery use cases. It turns out that current KPI expectations on the demand side and projected KPI on the supply side do not fully coincide yet. However, the market introduction of novel cell chemistries as well as improvements in cell design, manufacturing processes, and advanced material recycling concepts bears large potential for improving the efficiency of the overall battery supply chain and reducing costs. This chapter concludes that technological research and development, collaboration within the battery industry, public funding, and a stringent strategic research agenda are essential to secure the accelerating market growth for batteries.