This introductory chapter orients the book toward scholarship on the importance of studying statelessness from sociological, political theory and legal perspectives. It does so by primarily discussing and assessing the work of Hannah Arendt with regard to her seminal conceptualization of statelessness. The chapter also surveys the theoretical and empirical field in relation to statelessness with a particular focus on Kurdish and Palestinian experiences. In the same context, the chapter reviews the evolution of the Kurdish and Palestinian diasporas with regard to their statelessness and the political situation of their contested and occupied homelands. Moreover, I provide a brief methodological discussion in relation to Kurdish and Palestinian diasporas and the individuals that have been recruited to participate in the study and the analysis that guides the narrative accounts of the research participants.