This chapter is inspired by the observation that new trends—in the cultural, economic, and political global scenario—are changing how public organizations are organized, making them increasingly complex and effective in challenging critical problems, such as poverty, unemployment, and environmental sustainability. These changes are aimed at influencing the behavior of public employees through the introduction of managerial and professional logics from the private sector. Efficiency, flexibility, creativity, and problem-solving have emerged as new standards for employees working in public organizations, who are now in search of new means of anchoring their identity and motivation.