Cultivation and breeding of Cannabis sativa L. for medicinal purposes is of actual importance since in many countries the legalization allows its use by patients. So far, Cannabis sativa L. and its various strains, optimized for their cannabinoids, have mostly been bred and cultivated under illegal conditions to provide an illicit drug without integration of any pharmaceutical standards according to GAP. The situation has changed now, and many professional breeders introduced the rational concepts for growing cannabis mostly indoor under strict control of drug agencies and international pharmaceutical standards. Here, we report and summarize the actual status of analytics, phytochemistry, and phytoengineering of cannabinoid optimization. Special focus is set on legislation, pharmaceutical standardization, and basic concepts for industrial growing and breeding of cannabis plants.