The comparison in methodology between those who develop and utilise test instruments to establish and to quantify certain theoretical constructs, and those who simply observe and describe behaviour by means of an internally consistent account, involves coming to grips with some rather basic philosophical and aesthetic differences. Such differences Kuhn (1962) associates with pre-paradigmatic and post-paradigmatic sciencing; in this chapter they relate to the ethnographer and the researcher who uses tests and questionnaires. Yet even if the gulf between the two sides is wide and common understandings and approaches few, there are still some areas where discussion useful to both can be developed. This seems to apply to notions of identity and self-esteem.