Determination of the natural productivity of lands and permanent monitoring of their use require qualitatively new technical support and the use of more advanced methods of operational assessment of the state of lands, determination of the quality of vegetation cover and the yield of crops grown. The article discusses various approaches to solving this problem. The focus is made on the analysis of the spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on the territory of the Republic of Adygea.