The soil cover of the Republic of Adygea is diverse, from chernozems to alpine soils, and it is characterized by a high fertility potential. Chernozems occupy 431.6 thousand ha. Over 40% of them are characterized by a very low humus content. About 42.6 thousand ha need compulsory liming due to the strong and medium acidity of the soil. Provision of soils with mobile forms of macrocells is mainly medium and high. Soils of the Republic of Adygea are characterized by intense accumulation of pesticides. The specific activity of radionuclides in arable soils on the territory of the Republic is low; the concentration of heavy metals is classified as moderately hazardous.