Most of the work of the computer architect today has to do with bridging the well-known gigantic gap between processor speed and memory access time. However, other significant challenges are looming on the horizon. For one thing, higher device density and smaller design rules are increasing the sensitivity of circuits to outside radiation events. Also, power issues are creating significant challenges, not only in terms of power consumption for embedded devices, but also in terms of cooling and power dissipation. Hence, while Moore's law will continue to hold for the foreseeable future, processor speeds are not expected to follow suit, thereby requiring new architectural concepts.