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Oscillation Criteria for PDE with p-Laplacian via the Riccati Technique

Oscillation criteria for PDE with \(p\)-Laplacian via the Riccati technique
Authors: Mařík, Robert;

Oscillation Criteria for PDE with p-Laplacian via the Riccati Technique

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to give some oscillation criteria for the following partial differential equation (PDE) with \(p\)-Laplacian: \[ \text{div}(\|\nabla u\|^{p-2}\nabla u)+ c(x)\phi(u)=0,\tag{1} \] where \(p>1\) and \(\phi(u)=|u|^{p-2}u\). The equation (1) is said to be oscillatory if every solution \(u\) is oscillatory, i.e., \(u\) has a zero in \(\Omega(a)= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^n: a\leq\|x\|\}\) for every \(a\in\mathbb{R}^+\). There are introduced the following notations: \[ \begin{aligned} &\Omega(a,b)= \{x\in \mathbb{R}^n: a\leq\|x\|\leq b\};\\ & C_p(t)= {p-1\over t^{p-1}} \int^t_1 s^{p-2} \int_{\Omega(1,s)}\|x\|^{1-n}c(x) dx ds\text{ with the finite limit }C_0= \lim_{t\to\infty} C_p(t);\\ & Q(t)= t^{p-1} \Biggl(C_0- \int_{\Omega(1,t)}\|x\|^{1-n} c(x) dx\Biggr);\\ & H(t)= {1\over t}\int_{\Omega(1, t)}\|x\|^{p- n+1} c(x) dx;\\ & Q_*= \liminf_{t\to\infty} Q(t),\quad Q^*= \limsup_{t\to\infty} Q(t);\\ & H_*= \liminf_{t\to\infty} H(t),\quad H^*= \limsup_{t\to\infty} H(t);\end{aligned} \] \(\omega_n\) is the measure of the \(n\)-dimensional unit sphere in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and \(q\) is the conjugate number to \(p\), i.e., \(q= {p\over p-1}\). \(A\) denotes the smaller of the zeros of the equation \[ (p-1)\omega^{-q/p}_n|x|^q+ (n-p)x+ (p-1)Q_*= 0, \] and \(B\) denotes the larger of the zeros of the equation \[ (p-1) \omega^{-q/p}_n|x|^q+(n- p)x+ H_*= 0. \] The main results state that each of the following condition is sufficient for equation (1) to be oscillatory: (i) \(\limsup_{t\to\infty} {t^{p-1}\over \ln t} [C_0- C_p(t)]> [{p- n\over p}]^p\omega_n\); (ii) \(\limsup_{t\to\infty} t^{n-1}[C_0- C(t)]= \infty\); (iii) \(Q_*>-\infty\quad \text{and}\quad \limsup_{t\to\infty} \int_{\Omega(1, t)}c(x) dx= \infty\); (iv) \(\limsup_{t\to\infty} [Q(t)+ H(t)]> |{1- n\over p}|^p {\omega_n\over p-1}+ |{p- n+1\over p}|^p \omega_n\). Assuming \[ {(n- 1)- p(p-1)\over p(p-1)} \phi\Biggl({n-1\over p}\Biggr) \omega_n\leq Q_*\leq \Biggl|{n- p\over p}\Biggr|^p {\omega_n\over p-1}\tag{2} \] and (or) \[ {1-n\over p} \phi\Biggl({p-n+1\over p}\Biggr) \omega_n\leq H_*\leq\Biggl|{n- p\over p}\Biggr|^p \omega_n,\tag{3} \] then each of the following conditions also implies oscillation of equation (1): (v) inequality (2) and \(H^*>|{p-n+ 1\over p}|^p \omega_n-A\) hold; (vi) inequality (3) and \(Q^*> {1\over p-1} |{1-n\over p}|^p \omega_n+ B\) hold; (vii) (2), (3) and \(Q^*> Q_*- A+B\) hold; (viii) (2), (3) and \(H^*> H_*- A+B\) hold; (ix) (2), (3) and \(\limsup_{t\to\infty} [Q(t)+ H(t)]> Q_*+ H_*- A+B\) hold. The main tool for the investigation is the Riccati technique combined with suitable a priori bounds.

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Keywords

Second-order elliptic equations, Riccati equation, oscillatory solution, Applied Mathematics, p-Laplacian, Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs, Nonlinear elliptic equations, A priori estimates in context of PDEs, \(p\)-Laplacian, Analysis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
15
Average
Top 10%
Average
hybrid