
Let \(L: D(L)\subset H\to H\) be a linear operator in a function space \(H\). The Fučik spectrum of \(L\) is defined by \(A_ 0= \{(a, b)\in \mathbb{R}^ 2\): \(Lu= au^ +- bu^ -\) for some nontrivial \(u\}\), where \(u^ += \max\{u, 0\}\), \(u^ -= \max\{- u, a\}\). Knowledge of \(A_ 0\) is important for the existence of solutions of \(Lu= g(u)+ f\), where \(g: \mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}\) is continuous with \(y^{-1} g(y)\to a(b)\) as \(y\to +\infty(- \infty)\). Obviously, if \(\lambda\) is a real eigenvalue of \(L\), then \((\lambda, \lambda)\in A_ 0\). In this note, the authors consider the case that \(L= \Delta\), the Laplace operator on the unit ball of \(\mathbb{R}^ N\) with Dirichlet boundary conditions, and investigate the set \(A^ R_ 0\) of those \((a, b)\in \mathbb{R}^ 2\), where \(u= u(| x|)\) is a radial function. The following is shown: If \(\xi_ 1< \xi_ 2<\cdots\) denotes the sequence of positive zeros of the Bessel function \(J_ \eta\), \(\eta= (N- 2)/N\), then \(A^ R_ 0\) consists of the union of \(\xi^ 2_ 1\times \mathbb{R}\), \(\mathbb{R}\times \xi^ 2_ 1\), and the curves \(C^ j_ i= \{(t, c^ j_ i(t): t\in (\alpha^ j_ i, \infty)\}\), \(i= 1,2,\dots, j= 1,2\), where \(c^ j_ i\) is a decreasing analytic homeomorphism from \((\alpha^ j_ i, \infty)\) onto \((\beta^ j_ i, \infty)\), where \(\beta^ j_ i= \xi^ 2_ n\) if \(i= 2n\) and \(j= 1\), \(\beta^ j_ i= \xi^ 2_{n+ 1}\) if \(i= 2n+ 1\) or \(i= 2n\) and \(j= 2\), and \(\alpha^ 1_ i= \beta^ 2_ i\), \(\alpha^ 2_ i= \beta^ 1_ i\). It is the case that \(C^{j_ 1}_ k\cap C^{j_ 2}_ i= \emptyset\) if \(i\neq k\) and \((\xi^ 2_{i+ 1}, \xi^ 2_{i+ 1})\in C^ 1_ i\cap C^ 2_ i\). Explicit numerical results have been obtained in the cases \(N= 2,3,4,5\).
Laplace operator, Applied Mathematics, General theory of ordinary differential operators, numerical results, General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators, Analysis, Fučik spectrum
Laplace operator, Applied Mathematics, General theory of ordinary differential operators, numerical results, General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators, Analysis, Fučik spectrum
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