
handle: 10067/311030151162165141
The authors present a complete study of quadratic 3-parameter unfoldings of the integrable quadratic system \[ \dot x=- y-3x^2+ y^2,\;\dot y= x(1-2y) \leqno (1)_0 \] belonging to the class \(Q^{\mathbb{R}_3}\) (according to H. Zoladek), or the class \(m=a=0\) (according to Chinese classification). System \((1)_0\) has two centers \((0,0)\) and \((0,1)\), one invariant line: \(L_1=1- 2y=0\), one invariant hyperbola: \(L_2= 6x^2- 6y^2+ 6y-1=0\) and the general integral: \(L_1^{-3} L_2=C\). The following theorem is proved: Theorem. i) The 3-parameter family: \[ \dot x=-y- 3x^2+y^2+ \mu_1x+ \mu_2xy, \quad \dot y=x(1-2y)+ \mu_3x^2 \leqno (1)_\mu \] (where \(\mu= (\mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3)= (\delta\nu_1, \delta \nu_2, \delta \nu_3)\) with \(0<\delta\ll 1)\) is a versal unfolding of \((1)_0\), among all 3-parameter unfoldings of \((1)_0\), transverse to the stratum \(Q^{\mathbb{R}}_3\). ii) The bifurcation diagram of \((1)_\mu\) has a conic structure in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) for \(0< \delta\ll 1\), it is point-symmetric w.r.t. \(\mu=0\). Hence it can be expressed (for \(\mu\neq 0)\) by drawing its intersection with the half sphere \(S^+_\gamma =\{ \sum^3_{i=1} \mu^2_i= \gamma^2\), \(\mu_3\geq 0: 0<\gamma\ll 1\}\). iii) The intersection of the bifurcation diagram with \(S^+_\gamma\) and the related 17 structurally stable phase-portraits are shown clearly. In which the total number of limit cycles is at most 3; but if they are distributed around two foci, then the distribution must be (1,1).
perturbation, bifurcation diagram, limit cycles, Abelian integral, Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations, centers, quadratic 3-parameter unfoldings, heteroclinic loop, structurally stable phase-portraits, integrable quadratic system, Analysis
perturbation, bifurcation diagram, limit cycles, Abelian integral, Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations, centers, quadratic 3-parameter unfoldings, heteroclinic loop, structurally stable phase-portraits, integrable quadratic system, Analysis
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