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Journal of Differential Equations
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Journal of Differential Equations
Article . 1997
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Unfolding of a Quadratic Integrable System with Two Centers and Two Unbounded Heteroclinic Loops

Unfolding of a quadratic integrable system with two centers and two unbounded heteroclinic loops
Authors: Dumortier, Freddy; Li, C.; Zhang, Z.;

Unfolding of a Quadratic Integrable System with Two Centers and Two Unbounded Heteroclinic Loops

Abstract

The authors present a complete study of quadratic 3-parameter unfoldings of the integrable quadratic system \[ \dot x=- y-3x^2+ y^2,\;\dot y= x(1-2y) \leqno (1)_0 \] belonging to the class \(Q^{\mathbb{R}_3}\) (according to H. Zoladek), or the class \(m=a=0\) (according to Chinese classification). System \((1)_0\) has two centers \((0,0)\) and \((0,1)\), one invariant line: \(L_1=1- 2y=0\), one invariant hyperbola: \(L_2= 6x^2- 6y^2+ 6y-1=0\) and the general integral: \(L_1^{-3} L_2=C\). The following theorem is proved: Theorem. i) The 3-parameter family: \[ \dot x=-y- 3x^2+y^2+ \mu_1x+ \mu_2xy, \quad \dot y=x(1-2y)+ \mu_3x^2 \leqno (1)_\mu \] (where \(\mu= (\mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3)= (\delta\nu_1, \delta \nu_2, \delta \nu_3)\) with \(0<\delta\ll 1)\) is a versal unfolding of \((1)_0\), among all 3-parameter unfoldings of \((1)_0\), transverse to the stratum \(Q^{\mathbb{R}}_3\). ii) The bifurcation diagram of \((1)_\mu\) has a conic structure in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) for \(0< \delta\ll 1\), it is point-symmetric w.r.t. \(\mu=0\). Hence it can be expressed (for \(\mu\neq 0)\) by drawing its intersection with the half sphere \(S^+_\gamma =\{ \sum^3_{i=1} \mu^2_i= \gamma^2\), \(\mu_3\geq 0: 0<\gamma\ll 1\}\). iii) The intersection of the bifurcation diagram with \(S^+_\gamma\) and the related 17 structurally stable phase-portraits are shown clearly. In which the total number of limit cycles is at most 3; but if they are distributed around two foci, then the distribution must be (1,1).

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Belgium
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Keywords

perturbation, bifurcation diagram, limit cycles, Abelian integral, Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations, centers, quadratic 3-parameter unfoldings, heteroclinic loop, structurally stable phase-portraits, integrable quadratic system, Analysis

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
48
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
hybrid