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Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A
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Journal of Combinatorial Theory Series A
Article . 2002
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A Characterization of Exponential and Ordinary Generating Functions

A characterization of exponential and ordinary generating functions
Authors: Daniel Port;

A Characterization of Exponential and Ordinary Generating Functions

Abstract

This paper deals with the question why, of all possible generating functions, the ordinary and exponential generating functions are special. Let \(\Omega=(\omega_0,\omega_1,\dots)\) be a sequence of reals and \({\mathbf a}=(a_0,a_1,\dots)\) a sequence of complex numbers. Then \[ \Omega_{\mathbf a}(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n \omega_n z^n \] is called the \(\Omega\)-generating function of \(\mathbf a\). Without loss of generality it may be assumed that \(\omega_0=\omega_1=1\). The two choices of \(\Omega\) corresponding to the ordinary and exponential generating function are \(\Omega=(1,1,1,1,\dots)=:O\) and \(\Omega=(1,1,1/2!,1/3!,\dots)=:E\), respectively. Given \(\Omega\) and \({\mathbf x}=(x_1,x_2,\dots)\) the \(n\)th Comtet polynomial \(C_n^{\Omega}({\mathbf x})\) is defined through \[ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}C_n^{\Omega}({\mathbf x})\omega_n z^n =\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\Bigl(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} x_k\omega_k z^k\Bigr)^n \omega_n. \] Hence the ordinary and exponential Comtet polynomials are given by \[ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}C_n^O({\mathbf x}) z^n ={1\over 1-\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} x_k z^k} \qquad \text{ and } \qquad \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}C_n^E({\mathbf x}) {z^n \over n!} =\exp\Bigl(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} x_k {z^k\over k!}\Bigr). \] A sequence of polynomials \(P_n({\mathbf x})\) is called Hankel mean-independent if \(\det(P_{i+j}({\mathbf x}))_{i,j=0}^n\) does not depend on \(x_1\) for all \(n\geq 0\). The main result of the paper is that of the Comtet polynomials only the ordinary and exponential ones are Hankel mean-independent (up to normalization of \(\omega_2\)).

Related Organizations
Keywords

convolution polynomials, Bell polynomials, Exact enumeration problems, generating functions, Hankel matrix, Comtet polynomials, Bell polymomials, Theoretical Computer Science, Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), Computational Theory and Mathematics, generating functions, moments, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, characterization

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
2
Average
Average
Average
hybrid