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The author studies the so called Pastro-Al Salam-Ismail polynomials [\textit{W. A. Al-Salam} and \textit{M. E. H. Ismail}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 121, 553-561 (1994; Zbl 0835.33011) and J. Math. Anal. Appl. 112, No. 2, 517-540 (1985; Zbl 0582.33010)]: polynomials biorthogonal on the unit circle with continuous weight function (under mild conditions). They satisfy for \(n\in \mathbb{Z}\) \[ P_{n+1}(z)=zP_n(z)+q^{(n+1)/2}{(b;q)_{n+1}\over (aq;q)_{n+1}}Q_n(1/z), \] \[ Q_{n+1}(z)=zQ_n(z)+q^{(n+1)/2}{(a;q)_{n+1}\over (bq;q)_{n+1}}P_n(1/z), \] with \(P_0(z)=Q_0(z)=1\). Here \(a,b\) are arbitrary complex numbers, \(q\) is real with \(|q|<1\) and the \(q\)-shifted factorial is defined as usual: \((a;q)_n=(1-a)(1-aq)\cdots (1-aq^{n-1})\). Explicit expressions for \(P_n(z;a,b)\) and \(Q_n(z;a,b)=P_n(z;b,a)\) are known. The author now takes \(q\) to be a primitive \(N\)th root of unity \(q=\exp{2\pi i/N}\) and restricts himself to \(b=aq^j\) \((j=0,1,\ldots ,N-1)\) and \(a^N,b^N,(ab)^N\not=1\). As now \(P_N(z)=z^N-(1-b^N)/(1-a^N)\), the zeros of \(P_n,Q_n\) coincide with the roots of unity and the author succeeds in calculating the weight function explicitly. Moreover, the special case \(a=b=q^{\gamma},-1/2<\gamma <1/2\) is considered, leading to a regular \(N\)-gon as the support for the weight. Finally an exceptional case \(ab=q^{-k},\;k=2,3,\ldots,N-1\) with \(b\in \mathbb{C},\;b^N\not= 1\) is studied. Now the support of the weight consists of the \(k\) vertices \(bq^{s+1/2} (s=0,1,\ldots,K-1)\) of a regular \(N\)-gon with radius \(|b|\).
Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), Mathematics(all), Numerical Analysis, biorthogonality, Applied Mathematics, Askey-Szegő polynomials, Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis, orthogonality on the unit circle, Analysis
Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.), Mathematics(all), Numerical Analysis, biorthogonality, Applied Mathematics, Askey-Szegő polynomials, Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis, orthogonality on the unit circle, Analysis
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