Abstract Abstract. Lek display and female choice of males was studied in captive sage grouse. Individual males showed significant repeatability in display frequency between years. Variation in female association with males in artificial arenas was largely attributable to variation in the display frequency of individual males and that of males in adjacent positions in the arena. In addition, males were shown to possess 'inherent attractiveness' which was correlated with the length of their keel. Females showed significant consistency in their choice of males, and there was no evidence of copying behaviour in their selection of males.