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Advances in Applied Mathematics
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Advances in Applied Mathematics
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Gambler's Ruin Problem in Several Dimensions

Gambler's ruin problem in several dimensions
Authors: Andrej Kmet; Marko Petkovsek;

Gambler's Ruin Problem in Several Dimensions

Abstract

Consider symmetric simple random walk on \(\{0,1, \dots,N\} \times\{0,1, \dots,M\}\) with absorbing boundaries \(x=0\), \(x=N\), \(y=0\), \(y=M\). Let \(a(i,j)\) be the expected time to absorption when starting in \((i,j)\), satisfying \[ 4a(i,j)= 4+a(i+1,j) +a(i-1,j)+ a(i,j+1)+a(i,j-1), \quad 1\leq i\leq N-1,\;1\leq j\leq M-1,\tag{*} \] with boundary conditions \(a(i,j)=0\) for \(i=0\), \(i=N\), \(j=0\), \(j=M\). According to \textit{C. R. Orr} and \textit{D. Zeilberger} [J. Symb. Comput. 18, No. 1, 87-90 (1994; Zbl 0832.65115)] probably no closed form solution of (*) exists. The authors give a solution procedure that for \(N= M\) consists in writing (*) as a matrix equation \(AD+DA=-4J\) with \(A\) the \(a(ij)\) matrix and \(D,J\) explicit simple matrices, \(D\) to be diagonalized with known eigenvalues and eigenvectors, giving \(a(i,j)\) as a double sum of trigonometric terms. For \(N=2^p\), \(p\) positive integer, there is a single sum. A solution method for the \(d\)-dimensional analogue is described. Asymptotics: When \(d=2\), \(M=N=2n\), then \(a(n,n)= cn^2+O(\log n)^2\). When \(N_i=2n\), \(i=1,\dots,d\), then \(a(n,n, \dots, n)\sim bn^2\). Here \(c\) and \(b\) are given explicitly.

Keywords

Combinatorial probability, Sums of independent random variables; random walks, Applied Mathematics, simple random walk, Matrix equations and identities, absorbing boundary, solution procedure

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
17
Top 10%
Top 10%
Average
hybrid
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