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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Statistics in Medici...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Statistics in Medicine
Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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Fitting spending functions

Authors: Keaven M, Anderson; Jason B, Clark;

Fitting spending functions

Abstract

AbstractGroup sequential monitoring is used to provide guidance on stopping a clinical trial in progress based on interim evaluation of its efficacy objectives. A trial could stop because an experimental regimen (1) is efficacious, (2) lacks any sign of efficacy, or (3) is specifically less efficacious than a control. Group sequential methods using α‐ and β‐spending functions (Biometrika 1983; 70:659–663) are often used to create stopping boundaries for test statistics for efficacy hypotheses computed at interim analyses. This paper explores fitting α‐ and β‐spending functions that have specific values at specific interim analyses. Commonly used one‐parameter families may not provide an adequate fit to more than one desired critical value. We define new one‐ and two‐parameter families to provide additional flexibility along with examples to demonstrate their usefulness. The logistic family is one of these two‐parameter families, which has been applied in several trials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Clinical Trials as Topic, Logistic Models, Decision Making, Humans

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
6
Average
Average
Average
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