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Progress in Photovoltaics Research and Applications
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
License: CC BY NC
Data sources: Crossref
https://doi.org/10.22541/au.17...
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
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Reliability of Commercial TOPCon PV Modules—An Extensive Comparative Study

Authors: Paul Gebhardt; Ulli Kräling; Esther Fokuhl; Ingrid Hädrich; Daniel Philipp;

Reliability of Commercial TOPCon PV Modules—An Extensive Comparative Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) is poised to emerge as the predominant technology in photovoltaic (PV) cells, yet accelerated aging tests point towards significant reliability issues that remain unresolved. This study conducts a comparative analysis of 20 TOPCon PV module types, utilizing a range of electrical characterization and accelerated aging assessments. This investigation provides a detailed evaluation of the electrical performance, resulting in an energy rating of the modules, establishing a benchmark for cutting‐edge TOPCon technology. While some failure modes, such as LeTID, appear to be noncritical, the findings confirm previously identified degradation pathways in TOPCon modules due to moisture penetration. During UV exposure, a novel degradation pattern was observed during the indoor tests, showing severe losses (up to −12% after 120 kWh/m 2 ), followed by recovery after humidity freeze testing, which may influence outdoor performance and the outcomes of certification tests (IEC 61730‐2, Sequence B). The results highlight the areas of need for more targeted testing and technological refinement.

Keywords

Energy Rating, TOPCon, Module Reliability, Accelerated ageing

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    15
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Top 10%
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
15
Top 10%
Top 10%
Top 10%
hybrid