AbstractFractional differential equations have received increasing attention during recent years since the behavior of many physical systems can be properly described using the fractional order system theory.By fractional analog for Duhamel principle we give the existence‐uniqueness result for linear and nonlinear time fractional evolution equations with singularities in corresponding norm in extended Colombeau algebra of generalized functions. In order to find the explicit solutions we use integral representation of the solution obtained via Laplace and Fourier transforms in succession and their inverses. We deal with some nonlinear models with singularities appearing in viscoelasticity and in anomalous processes, extending the results in viscoelasticity, continuum random walk, seismology, continuum mechanics and many other branches of life and science. The main task is finding existence‐uniqueness results like in the case of evolution equations with entire derivatives. By examining the fractional evolution equations it turns out that they lead to till now known results from the evolution equations with entire derivatives in limiting case. They give more, behavior of the solution when order of derivatives are inside the intervals of entire points. In this way we can follow the influence of the operators generated by entire derivative in many fractional time evolution PDEs especially with singular initial data, and non‐Lipschitz's nonlinear term.Apart from evolution equations we prove also an existence‐uniqueness result for an initial value problem with singularities for linear and nonlinear fractional elliptic equation of Helmholtz type and fractional order α, where 1 < Re(α) ≤ 2, with respect to the one variable from R+. As a framework, we employ also Colombeau algebra of generalized functions containing fractional derivatives and operations among them in order to deal with the fractional equations with singularities. We apply the same techniques to the fractional Laplace and Poisson equation linear and nonlinear ones. (© 2013 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)