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International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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Article . 2019
Data sources: PubMed Central
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Article . 2019
Data sources: UQ eSpace
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Article . 2019
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A method for ordinal outcomes: The ordered stereotype model

Authors: Daniel Fernandez; Ivy Liu; Roy Costilla;

A method for ordinal outcomes: The ordered stereotype model

Abstract

AbstractObjective: The collection and use of ordinal variables are common in many psychological and psychiatric studies. Although the models for continuous variables have similarities to those for ordinal variables, there are advantages when a model developed for modeling ordinal data is used such as avoiding “floor” and “ceiling” effects and avoiding to assign scores, as it happens in continuous models, which can produce results sensitive to the score assigned. This paper introduces and focuses on the application of the ordered stereotype model, which was developed for modeling ordinal outcomes and is not so popular as other models such as linear regression and proportional odds models. This paper aims to compare the performance of the ordered stereotype model with other more commonly used models among researchers and practitioners.Methods: This article compares the performance of the stereotype model against the proportional odd and linear regression models, with three, four, and five levels of ordinal categories and sample sizes 100, 500, and 1000. This paper also discusses the problem of treating ordinal responses as continuous using a simulation study. The trend odds model is also presented in the application.Results: Three types of models were fitted in one real‐life example, including ordered stereotype, proportional odds, and trend odds models. They reached similar conclusions in terms of the significance of covariates. The simulation study evaluated the performance of the ordered stereotype model under four cases. The performance varies depending on the scenarios.Conclusions: The method presented can be applied to several areas of psychiatry dealing with ordinal outcomes. One of the main advantages of this model is that it breaks with the assumption of levels of the ordinal response are equally spaced, which might be not true.

Countries
Australia, Spain, Spain
Keywords

Adult, *ordinal data, Models, Statistical, Goodness–of–fit, Psychometrics, Mental Disorders, Linear models (Statistics), Proportional odds model, Original Articles, *proportional odds model, 310, Psychiatry and Mental health, Young Adult, *ordered stereotype model, Models lineals (Estadística), 2738 Psychiatry and Mental health, Ordered stereotype model, *goodness-of-fit, Humans, Ordinal data, Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Matemàtiques i estadística::Estadística matemàtica::Modelització estadística

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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