AbstractBACKGROUNDMilk proteins are widely used in food production and are often glycated by reducing sugar. Although many studies have reported the digestibility of glycated milk protein, most have focused on measuring degree of hydrolysis (DH), showing sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) image of digests. Detailed information on the changes in peptide composition of digests has seldom been revealed. Therefore, in addition to measuring the DH and showing the SGS‐PAGE images of digests, we also analyzed the peptidomics in digests using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) and Mascot database in this work to further reveal the influence of glycation on protein nutrition.RESULTSCompared with β‐lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin (BSA), DH of β‐casein was suppressed to a lesser extent by glycation in both gastric and intestinal stages. Aggregates of glycated BSA were less sensitive to the action of digestive enzymes throughout gastrointestinal digestion according to SDS‐PAGE images. Changes in the peptide composition of digests induced by glycation were distinctly displayed, showing both absence of peptides and occurrence of new peptides, based on the results obtained from LC‐ESI‐MS/MS.CONCLUSIONSGlycation can greatly change the peptide composition in digests of milk protein. The nutritional impact of the change in the peptide composition requires further investigation, and the impact of MRPs in unabsorbed digests on the gut flora should be an interesting field for further studies. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry