SummaryWith the changes of the times and the rapid development of the mobile Internet and the Internet of Things, network communications are facing increasingly severe challenges. Due to the user exclusivity of the orthogonal resources of the existing orthogonal multiple access technology, it is difficult for the number of accessible users and the spectral efficiency to meet the application requirements of network communications. 5G technology will meet the diverse business needs of people in various scenarios such as life, work, leisure, and transportation. This paper analyzes the 5G‐oriented non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology and designs and implements a NOMA technology simulation platform laboratory based on 5G technology. The entire simulation experiment adopts a modular design concept so that it can be modified and extended in the future network communication. In this paper, the user pairing scheme and power allocation algorithm of NOMA technology are studied in depth. For the user pairing scheme, this paper adopts two schemes: traversal search pairing scheme and grouping pairing scheme. For the same algorithm for power allocation, this paper studies two suboptimal power allocation algorithms including fixed power allocation and partial transmission power allocation. Simulation experiments show that the average cell throughput and cell edge user throughput of NOMA are slightly lower than when the traversal search pairing scheme is adopted: the average cell throughput has decreased by approximately 4%, and the cell edge user throughput has decreased by approximately 1.6%. The packet pairing scheme is a compromise between complexity and throughput performance. For different power allocation factor values, the overall throughput performance of some transmission power allocation algorithms is better than the flower pollination algorithm (FPA).